U.S. Senate S.4441 "CREATE AI Act" — codifying the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) to democratize compute
A bipartisan Senate bill that formally establishes the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR), giving researchers and educators nationwide access to compute, data, software, and educational resources. It amends the 2020 National AI Initiative Act and stands up NAIRR under the NSF within one year.
Bill overview (primary data)
- Bill numberS. 4441
- TypeSenate Bill
- Congress119th Congress
- Latest actionRead twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.（2026-04-29）
Key points
- Formally establishes the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) to provide compute, data, software, and educational resources
- Amends the 2020 National AI Initiative Act with a new Title LVI
- NSF Director stands up NAIRR within one year; a Program Management Office sits in NSF
- Goal: advance AI research and build the U.S. workforce — democratizing the research base
- Introduced by Sen. Young (R) and 3 bipartisan cosponsors; House companion H.R.2385
- Of the 114 bills held as of 2026-09-01, 13 groups share a title and 12 of those span both chambers.
1The CREATE AI Act
S.4441, the "CREATE AI Act" (Creating Resources for Every American To Experiment with Artificial Intelligence Act), was introduced by Sen. Todd Young (R-IN) with Sens. Martin Heinrich (D-NM), Mike Rounds (R-SD), and Cory Booker (D-NJ) on April 29, 2026, and referred to the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee. It is a leading, strongly bipartisan bill on AI research infrastructure.
2Its relation to the National AI Initiative Act
The bill amends the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401 et seq.) by adding a new "Title LVI — National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR)." The NSF Director would establish NAIRR within one year to (1) advance AI research and research that uses AI, and (2) develop AI skills in the U.S. workforce.
NAIRR's function is to connect U.S. researchers and educators to computational, data, software, and educational resources provided by federal agencies, states, and nongovernmental entities. A Program Management Office would sit within the NSF Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure.
3Concentration of compute as the backdrop
Advanced AI research requires large-scale compute and quality data that tend to concentrate in a few large companies; NAIRR aims to close that gap and open research infrastructure to universities, startups, and regional researchers ("democratizing AI research"). A companion bill (H.R.2385) exists in the House.
4What it means for one title to appear in both chambers
This bill shares its title with House bill H.R.2385. Among the AI-related bills this site holds as of 2026-09-01, one title appearing more than once is not unusual.
Counted one at a time the bills look like separate movements; grouped, one proposal is running twice. Reading the count as the number of policies overstates it. The bill amends the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 to add a new title establishing the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource, with the NSF Director to establish it within a year of enactment.
Why it matters
Shows the U.S. building research compute as public infrastructure. The federated, interoperable, democratized design is a useful comparison point for compute and data-sharing strategies, and relevant for institutions and resource providers connecting to NAIRR.
FAQ
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Sources (primary)
Source: Congress.gov (Library of Congress; U.S. legislative materials, public domain). Links go to the official site.
- Congress.gov (bill page, original)
- S. 4441（119th Congress）